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. OVERVIEW OF GUINEA
The Guinea lies on the Atlantic coast of West Africa and is surrounded by the Guinea-Bissau (386 km of borders), Senegal (330 km), Mali (858 km), Cote d ' Ivory (610 km) of Liberia (563 km) and Sierra Leone (652 km) and the Atlantic Ocean
Guinea is one of the water towers of Africa. Precipitation is indeed very high, and fuel powerful rivers flowing into neighbouring countries, including a half, oriented towards the north and north-east, crossing the border, contribute significantly to water resources of two countries of the Sahel, Mali and Senegal. Another stream flows south and nourishes Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
According Aquastat [1], the water level of the average annual rainfall is 1651 mm, or an area of 245,860 square kilometres, an annual rainfall of 405.91 cubic kilometres, rounded to 406 km ³ (France 477 , 99 km ³).
The coast and the largest part of the land of Guinea has a tropical climate with a rainy season from monsoon type with winds from the southwest, stretching from April to November, temperatures and a relatively stable rate of high humidity. The dry season, from December to May, is marked by the harmattan winds from the north-east in charge of sand.
In Conakry, the temperature usually fluctuates between 23 ° C and 29 ° C to 4300 mm of annual rainfall. In Upper Guinea, Sahel, the rainy season is shorter and amplitude of temperature greater.
- Relief: coastal plain, mountains and hills in the interior.
- Natural Resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish.
- Operates the ground:
Cultivable lands: 2%;
Growing: 0%;
Pastures permanent, 22%;
Forests: 59%;
Other: 17%.
Irrigated: 930 km2.
Maritime Claims:
Territorial Waters: 12 nautical miles;
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles.
Environmental problems: deforestation, drinking water, desertification, erosion and soil contamination, overfishing, overcrowding in the forest areas.
International treaties on the environment:
Party: biodiversity, climate change, desertification, endangered species, hazardous dispersions, Law of the Sea, protection of the ozone layer, wetlands.
Of this volume precipitated, evapo-transpiration consumes 180 km ³. Remain 226 cubic kilometres of resources produced on the territory of the country (internal). The country does not receive additional water from neighboring countries (negligible). The total water in the country therefore amounted to 226 cubic kilometres (1 km ³ = 1 billion cubic meters).
Currently 102170 km ³ of water annually leave the territory, to the following countries:
Mali 53 km ³ (Food River Niger and Senegal)
Sierra Leone
Senegal ³ 2.17 kilometers (rivers Gambia and Senegal)
Guinea Bissau ³ 15 km (particularly towards the river Corumba)
Liberia 32 km ³.
Note that the amount of water leaving the territory is probably underestimated, and therefore probably higher than 102 km ³ per year.
The amount of water remaining in the country is approximately 124 km ³ annually (more than 10,000 cubic metres per capita). The amount of water available (which includes all the resources created internally, plus any external inputs) is ³ 226 km per annum, or well over 20,000 cubic metres per capita per year (in 2007 |
